Compilation of training schedules in an educational institution is a laborious process, causing numerous problems before each academic period. In universities, for example, there are special staff involved in this task only. Solving scheduling problems often takes thousands of hours each year.

Solving traffic management problems via existing methods of optimization theory is rather difficult. Problems with the construction of an appropriate model arise from the lack of clear wishes of customers and the complexity of the formalization of the problem. In addition, the scale of formalized problems is quite large, especially for major transport companies.

Among the many different problems that arise in space, planning tasks occupy a special place. Action planning requires detailed schedules of ISS activities as well as the schedule of cosmonaut training.  Mathematical models were constructed and exact algorithms for finding solutions of problems.

The logistics problems of Russian Railways related to organizing the optimal delivery of goods. This research focuses on freight trains formation and scheduling to minimize the delay of delivery.